Walter G. Park

Research Work

Articles

Export Quality and Patent Protection: Stage-Dependent Effects in Development, Review of Development Economics, Vol. 25, No. 2, 2021, pp. 601 - 629. [Co-authors: Yan Liu and Dahai Fu]

Technological Innovations and Market Power: A Study of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry, Millennial Asia, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2021, pp. 5 - 34. [Co-authors: Madan Dhanora and Ruchi Sharma]

Patent Protection, Technological Efforts, and Exports: An Empirical Investigation, Journal of Developing Areas, Vol. 54, No. 2, Spring 2020, pp. 145 - 162. [Co-authors: Sidheswar Panda and Ruchi Sharma]

Can Patent Family Size and Composition Signal Patent Value? Applied Economics, Vol. 51, Issue 60, 2019, pp. 6476 - 6496. [Co-author: Francois Kabore]

Patent Reforms and Exporter Behavior: Firm-Level Evidence from Developing Countries, Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Vol. 51, March 2019, pp. 129 - 147. [Co-author: Olena Ivus]

An Optimizing Model of R&D, Spillovers, and Intellectual Property Rights, EFIL Journal, Vol. 1(1), 2018, pp. 44-57.

Patent Protection and the Composition of Multinational Activity: Evidence from U.S. Multinational Firms, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 48(7), 2017, pp. 808-836. [Co-authors: Olena Ivus and Kamal Saggi]

Averting a 'TRIPSxit' from the Global Intellectual Property System, George Mason University Law Review, Vol 24(4), 2017.

Do Business Cycles Affect Patenting? Evidence from European Patent Office Filings, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 116, 2017, pp. 76 - 86. [Co-author: Peter Hingley]

When an Importer's Protection of IPR Interacts with an Exporter's level of Technology: Comparing the Impacts on the Exports of the North and South, World Economy, Vol. 39, Issue 6, June 2016, pp. 772 - 802. [Co-authors: Keun Lee and Wonkyu Shin]

Intellectual Property Protection and the Industrial Composition of Multinational Activity, Economic Inquiry, Vol. 54, Issue 2, April 2016, pp. 1068 - 1085. [Co-authors: Olena Ivus and Kamal Saggi]

A Dynamic Log-linear Regression Model to Forecast Numbers of Future Filings at the European Patent Office, World Patent Information, Vol. 42, 2015, pp. 19 - 27. [Co-author: Peter Hingley]

How Private Property Protection Influences the Impact of Intellectual Property Rights on Economic Growth, Global Economic Review, Vol. 44, Issue 1, 2015, pp. 1 - 30. [Co-authors: Ding Du and Jihong Zhang]

There will be Exports and Licensing: The Effects of Patent Rights on Firm Sales, Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, Vol. 23, Issue 8, 2014, pp. 1112 - 1144. [Co-author: Kristie Briggs]

International Patenting, Technology Gaps, and Patent Rights, Review of Economics and Institutions, Vol. 4, No. 1, Winter 2013, Article 3.

On a Dynamic Panel Analysis of RD and Mergers, International Journal of Applied Research in Business Administration and Economics, Vol. 1, Issue 3, July 2012, pp. 21 - 36. [Co-author: Ralph Sonenshine]

North-South Models of Intellectual Property Rights: An Empirical Critique, Review of World Economics, Vol. 148, No. 1, April 2012, pp. 151 - 180.

Impact of Horizontal Mergers on Research and Development: Evidence from U.S. Merger Challenges, Journal of Industry, Competition, and Trade, Vol. 12, 2012, pp. 143 - 167. [Co-author: Ralph Sonenshine]

Appropriate Intellectual Property Protection and Economic Growth in Countries at Different Levels of Development, Research Policy, Vol. 41, 2012, pp. 350 - 375. [Co-authors: Keun Lee, Yee K. Kim, and Kineung Choo]

The Copyright Dilemma: Copyright Systems, Innovation, and Economic Development, Journal of International Affairs, Fall/Winter 2010, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 53 - 68.

On Patenting Costs, The WIPO Journal: Analysis of Intellectual Property Issues, Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2010, pp. 38 - 48.

International Patent Protection: 1960-2005, Research Policy, Vol. 37, Issue 4, 2008, pp. 761-766. Data

Patent Rights and Innovative Activity: Evidence from Firm and National Level Data, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 38, No. 6, 2007, pp. 878 - 900. [Co-author Brent Allred]

Influence of Patent Rights on Firm Innovation Investment in Ten Manufacturing Industries, Journal of International Management, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2007, pp. 91 - 109 [Co-author Brent Allred]

International Licensing and the Strengthening of Intellectual Property Rights in Developing Countries, OECD Economic Studies, Vol. 40, 2005/1, pp. 7 - 48. [Co-author: Doug Lippoldt]

The Impact of Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights on Trade and Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries, OECD Papers: Special Issue on Trade Policy, Vol. 3, No. 11/294, 2003. [Co-author: Douglas Lippoldt]

Patent Rights and Economic Freedom: Friend or Foe, Journal of Private Enterprise, Vol. 18, No. 1, Fall 2002, pp. 84-121. Reprinted in Joshua Hall and Robert Lawson (eds.) Economic Freedom: Causes and Consequences, Nova Publishers, 2011.

Globalization, Patent Reform, and Patent Professional Services, Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society, Vol. 83, No. 5, May 2001, pp. 303 - 340.

Measuring Global Patent Protection, Fraser Forum, Fraser Institute, Vancouver, B.C., March 1999, pp. 4 - 7.

A Theoretical Model of Government Research and Growth, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 34, No 1, March 1998, pp. 51 - 67.

Determinants of Patent Rights: A Cross-National Study, Research Policy, Vol. 26, No. 3, October 1997, pp. 283 - 301. [Co-author: Juan Carlos Ginarte]

A Permanent Income Model of Public Consumption, Journal of Macroeconomics, Vol. 19, No. 4, Fall 1997, pp. 753 - 769.

How Stratified is the World? Openness and Development, Virginia Economic Journal, September 1997, pp. 59 - 66. [Co-author: David A. Brat]

Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Growth, Contemporary Economic Policy, Vol. 15, No. 3, July 1997, pp. 51 - 61. [Co-author: Juan Carlos Ginarte]

A Note on Innovation and Patents: Intertemporal Imitation-Risk Smoothing, Economics Letters, Vol. 54, No. 2, February 1997, pp. 185 - 189.

Cross-Country R&D and Growth: Variations on a Theme of Mankiw-Romer-Weil, Eastern Economic Journal, Vol. 22, No. 3, Summer 1996, pp. 345 - 354. [Co-author: David Brat]

Intellectual Property Rights in a North-South Context, Science Communications, Vol. 17, No. 3, 1996, pp. 379 - 387. [Co-author: Juan Carlos Ginarte]

International Spillovers of R&D and OECD Economic Growth, Economic Inquiry, Vol. 33, No. 4, 1995, pp. 571 - 591.

A Global Kuznets Curve?, Kyklos, Vol. 48, 1995, pp. 105 - 131. [Co-author: David Brat]

Adoption, Diffusion, and Public R&D, Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 18, No. 1, 1994, pp. 101 - 123.

Public Capital, Taxation, and Private Sector Productivity, Journal of Applied Economics and Policy (formerly the Kentucky Journal of Economics and Business), Vol. 12, 1993, pp. 1 - 13.

On a Model of Endogenous Government Behavior, National Social Sciences Perspectives Journal, Conference Proceedings, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1993, pp. 230 - 240.

Speculative Attacks in Argentina: A Tobit Analysis of the Tablita Period 1979-1981, Southwestern Journal of Economic Abstracts, Vol. 13, No. 1, 1992, pp. 3 - 30.

Book Chapters

Market Power and Patent Rights, in UNCTAD (ed.), Trade and Development Report 2017, Chapter 6, UN: Geneva. [Coauthor: Padmashree Gehl-Sampath]

Forecasting Patent Filings at the European Patent Office (EPO) with a Dynamic Log Regression Model: Applications and Extensions, in Stanley Soh (ed.), Selected Papers from the Asia Conference on Economics & Business Research 2015, Chapter 6, Singapore: Springer Link, 2016, pp. 63 - 83.

Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Policy: 2000 - present, in Robert Wright and Tom Zeiler (eds.), Guide to U.S. Economic Policy, Chapter 25, California: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2014, pp. 361 - 375.

Technology Transfer and the Economic Implications of the Strengthening of Intellectual Property Rights in Developing Countries, in Bronwyn Hall, Sanghoon Ahn, and Keun Lee (eds.), Intellectual Property Rights for Economic Development, Edward Elgar Publishers, pp. 33 - 89. [Co-author: Douglas Lippoldt]

Technology Trade and NAFTA, in Albert Tavidze (ed.), Progress in Economics Research, Volume 25, Chapter 2, Nova Publishers, 2011, pp. 51 - 90.

Intellectual Property Rights and Foreign Direct Investment: Lessons for Central America, in Rashmi Shankar (ed.), Getting the Most Out of Central America's Free Trade Agreements, Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2011, pp. 275 - 308.

Open Development: Is the 'Open Source' Analogy Relevant to Biotechnology, in David Castle (ed.), The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Biotechnology Innovation, Edward Elgar Publishers, 2010, pp. 225 - 251. [Coauthor: Alan G. Isaac]

Intellectual Property Rights and International Innovation, in Keith Maskus (ed.), Frontiers of Economics and Globalization, Vol. 1, Handbook Series, Elsevier Science, 2008, pp. 289 - 327.

Innovation and Economic Dynamics, in Wei-Bin Zhang (ed.), Mathematical Models in Economics: Encylopedia of Life Support Sciences, UNESCO, United Nations, 2007.

From Theory to Time Series, in Peter Hingley and Marc Nicolas (eds.), Forecasting Innovations: Methods for Predicting Numbers of Patent Filings, Springer-Verlag, 2006, pp. 27 - 39. [Co-author: Peter Hingley]

International Patenting at the European Patent Office: Aggregate, Sectoral, and Family Filings, in Peter Hingley and Marc Nicolas (eds.), Forecasting Innovations: Methods for Predicting Numbers of Patent Filings, Springer-Verlag, 2006, pp. 125 - 158.

Do Intellectual Property Rights Stimulate R&D and Productivity Growth? Evidence from Cross-National and Manufacturing Industry Data, in Jon Putnam (ed.), Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation in the Knowledge-Based Economy, Chapter 9, Ottawa, Industry Canada, 2005, pp. 9-1 - 9-51

On Intellectual Property Rights: Patents vs. Free and Open Development, in Enrico Colombatto (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Property Rights, Edward Elgar Publishers, 2004, pp. 383 - 413. [Co-author: Alan Isaac]

Property Rights in the New Economy, in Derek C. Jones (ed.), New Economy Handbook,, New York, Academic Press, August 2003, pp. 841-863.

Index of Patent Rights, 2000 Update, in James Gwartney and Robert Lawson (eds.), Economic Freedom of the World Annual Report 2002,, Chapter 2, Fraser Institute, Vancouver, B.C., pp. 33 - 42. [Co-author: Smita Wagh]

Intellectual Property and Patent Regimes, in James Gwartney and Robert Lawson (eds.), Economic Freedom of the World Annual Report 2001,, Chapter 4, Fraser Institute, Vancouver, B.C., pp. 101 - 118.

Impact of the International Patent System on Productivity and Technology Diffusion, in Owen Lippert (ed.), Competitive Strategies for Intellectual Property Protection,, Chapter 2, Fraser Institute, Vancouver, B.C., 1999, pp. 47 - 72.

Reducing Global Patenting Costs, in American Intellectual Property Law Association (ed.), Fourth International Symposium on Patent Cost Containment,, AIPLA, Washington, D.C., July, 1999.

Patent Systems in APEC: Role in Nontariff Trade Barriers and Strategic Trade Policy, in U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), Economic Implications of Liberalizing APEC Tariff and Nontariff Barriers to Trade, Publication, Publication 3101, Government Printing Office, April 1998, pp. 6:1 - 6:25.

Presentations

AI, IPR, and Economic Development: Nascent Relationships Presentation, Workshop on Intellectual Property Perspectives on AI Deployment, Sciences Po, Paris, France, December 11, 2023 Presentation

Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation, and Economic Development, Lecture Series, Global Initiative of Academic Networks, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indore, November 2023

Science, Economics, and Copyrights Keynote Address, 3rd Conference on Technology, R&D, Education, and Economy (TREE) for Africa, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, June 1, 2023 Slides

IP Rights: Real Options in Patenting, Seminar Presenter, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy, Webinar, February 22, 2023 Slides

IP Rights: Innovation Under Uncertainty: Role of Secondary Patent Markets, Presenter, India LICs International Conference, organized by the School of Humanities and Social Sciences, IIT Indore, Virtual Conference, December 21, 2022

Presentation, Institutional supra-nationalization, substitution, and MultinationalCompanies' IPR strategies, Academy of International Business, U.S. Northeast Chapter Conference, held at Kogod Business School, American University, October 15, 2022

IP Rights: Measuring Global Protection and Quantifying Economic Loss, Panelist, Sunwater Institute and Berkeley Center for Law and Technology Virtual Conference, January 2022. Speech adapted for Schumpeter Circle blog

Multinationals, Innovation, and Copyright Protection, Presenter and Discussant, Western Economics Association International Virtual Conference, June 29, 2021

Hands-on Training: Research Methods in Intellectual Property Rights, Lecturer, co-organized by Gujurat National Law University, Cochin University of Science and Technology, & Inter Univ. Center for IPR, Webinar, June 12, 2021

Production Linkages, Discussant, Washington Area International Trade Symposium, Webinar, April 29, 2021

Trademark and patent protection, Presenter, World IP Conference, World Intellectual Property Organization, Webinar, April 26, 2021

Creative Works: How they Matter, Keynote Speaker, Industry Academia Collaborations, Department of Higher Education, Government of Madhya Pradesh, in collaboration with the World Bank, Webinar, January 2021

Patent Licensing Webinar Series: Recognizing the Growing Economic Impact of Patent Licensing, Panelist, Session 3: Effects of Global Licensing," Innovation Alliance, September 2020

Patent Valuation and Traditional Knowledge, Presenter and Co-Organizer, 2nd Conference on Technology, R&D, Education, and Economy (TREE) for Africa, Korhogo, Ivory Coast, April 2019

Methodological Challenges in Measuring the Impact of FTAs on Access to Medicines, Panelist, 5th Global Congress on IP and the Public Interest, Washington College of Law (WCL), Wash D.C., September 2018

Empirical Work on Copyrights: Review, Presenter, Korean Copyright Commission, Jinju, S. Korea, July 2018

Analyzing Policy Debates, Panelist, Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) Meeting of the Global IP Committee, Washington, D.C., April 2018

Innovation, Creativity, and Intellectual Property Rights, Conference on Technology, R&D, Education, and Economy (TREE) for Africa, Abidjan, Ivory Coast, March 2018 Slides

Technology Transfers and the Global Copyright Industry, Dalian Minzu University, China, October 2017 Slides

Intellectual Property Market Impacts, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Alexandria VA, Discussant, September 2017 Slides

Sectoral Impacts of Fair Use/Fair Dealing, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janiero, Brazil, April 2017 Slides

Intellectual Property Rights and International Economic Development, Lecture Series, Global Initiative of Academic Networks, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indore, December 2016

Intellectual Property and Developing Economies, Fall Conference, Center for the Protection of Intellectual Property, George Mason University, October 2016 Slides

Multinational Investments, Technology Transfers, and Copyright Protection, Conference Presentation, Western Economic Association, Lipsey Panel, Portland, Oregon, July 2016 Slides

Transpacific Partnership (TPP) Agreement and Pharmaceutical Protections, Panelist, Cato Institute, Washington D.C., June 2016 Slides Event

Role of Licensing in Trade, Investment, and Technology Transfer, Panelist, USPTO-CPIP Conference on Economic Importance of Patent Licensing, U.S. Patent & Trademark Office and George Mason Law School Center for the Protection of Intellectual Property, Alexandria, VA, June 2016 Slides

Patent Protection and the Industrial Composition of Multinational Activity -- New Measure of Complexity, Conference Presentation, Eastern Economic Association, Washington D.C., February 2016 Slides

Global Copyright Policies and U.S. Multinational Investments, Seminar, Vanderbilt University, Department of Economics, GPED, December 2015 Slides

Business Cycles and Patenting, Presentation, Asia Pacific Conference on Economics and Business, Singapore, November 2015 Slides

Patent Protection and the Industrial Composition of Multinational Activity, Distinguished Speaker Series, Industry Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, October 2015 Slides

Roundtable on Voluntary Initiatives in Copyright Enforcement, Center for the Protection of Intellectual Property, George Mason University, October 2015

Usage of Information from Business Cycles in Forecasting Patent Filings, IP5 Statistical Working Group Meeting, Alexandria, VA, Aug 2015

Speaker on Global Copyright Issues, Tusher Center for Management of Intellectual Capital, University of California, Berkeley, July 2015 Slides

Patent Protection, Industry Complexity, and International Licensing, Seminar, Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., May 2015

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Expert Forum on Technology Transfer, Geneva, Switzerland, February 2015 Slides 1 Slides 2

Discussant for Boosting Pharmaceutical Innovation in the Developing World (by Dr. Burju Kilic) Washington College of Law, American University, November 2014

Copyrights and Economic Development Presentation at the Academic Advisory Council Meeting, Motion Picture Association of America, Washington, D.C., November 2014 Slides

Size and Composition of Patent Families, and Valuation Seminar at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), Department of Commerce, Alexandria, VA, October 2014 Slides

Copyrights and User Rights: Theory, Evidence, and Issues Seminar at Copyright User's Rights Index and Econometric Research: Study Design Workshop, Washington College of Law, American University, June 2014 Slides

Economics of Intellectual Property Lecture at the Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, D.C., May 2014 Slides

Europe Beyond Aid Presentation at International Center for Trade and Sustainable Development, Geneva, Switzerland, March 2014 Slides

Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Developing Nations Guest speaker, Development Seminar, Georgetown University, School of Foreign Service, March 2014

International Licensing of Copyrighted Works Presentation at Open AIR Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, December 2013 Slides

Intellectual Property Rights and International Technology Transfer Lecture at Center for Intellectual Property Research, Jiangsu University, China, November 2013 Slides

Economic Research Design, Conference on Law and Economics of Copyright User's Rights, Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property, American University Washington College of Law, Washington, D.C., September 2013 Slides

Patent reform in global and regional free trade agreements, Development Seminar, School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., March 2013 Slides

Perspectives on Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Development, Intellectual Property, Trade and Development, co-hosted by Washington College of Law, American University and Public Citizen, Washington, D.C., October 2012

Can IP Reform Promote Economic Well-Being? Trans-Atlantic Consumer Dialogue Meetings, U.S. Department of State, Washington, D.C., Plenary Session, June 2012

Trips-Plus Provisions in Free-Trade Agreements (FTAs), Trans-Pacific Partnership Meetings, Dallas, TX, luncheon hosted by Public Citizen, May 2012 Slides

U.S.-European Union Convergence in Patent Law, Transatlantic Summit, Washington, D.C., panel organized by Science Business and the Federal Circuit Bar Association, May 2012

International Technology Transfer and Innovation, Conference on the Knowledge Economy and Role of Intellectual Property Rights, Cairo, Egypt, co-sponsored by the Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and World Intellectual Property Organization, November 2011 Slides 1 Slides 2

Perspectives on the America Invents Act (AIA), Panel organized by the Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C., September 2011

Exports and Licensing: Impact of Patent Rights, Science and Technology Policy Institute, Seoul, Korea, August 2011 Slides

Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) and China, U.S. International Trade Commission, Washington, D.C., November 2010 Slides

International Offshoring of R&D, American Society for Competitiveness, Vienna, Virginia, October 2010 Slides

Korean Model of Development, Panel organized by the Korean Economic Association and Korean Association for Political Science, Washington, D.C., June 2010

North-South Innovation, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey, April 2010 Slides

Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property Rights, Conference on Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Development, Korea Development Institute, Seoul, Korea, February 2010 Slides

IPRs and Economic Development, Conference on Entrepreneurship, National Innovation Strategy, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris, France, November 2007 Slides

Trilateral Patent Statistics, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) Trilateral Meeting, Working Group on Patent Statistics, Washington, D.C., August 2007

Global Intellectual Property Reform, Panel organized by Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), Washington, D.C., September 2006

Open Source and Biotechnology, Center for Intellectual Property Policy (CIPP) Workshop, Florence, Italy, October 2005 Slides

International Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property Rights, Association of University Technology Managers (AUTM) Annual Meeting, Annapolis, MD, Plenary Session, June 2005 Slides

International Patenting Models and Forecasts of Filings at the EPO, European Patent Office Seminar, Munich Germany, December 2004 Handout

Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Intellectual Property Rights, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Seminar, May 2003

Recent Developments in the World Trade Organization�s Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights Agreement, Panel organized by Center for Globalization, Yale University, New Haven, CT, April 2003

R&D Policy and Institutions in Latin America, Latin American Econometrics Society (LAMES) Conference, Sao Paolo, Brazil, July 2002

Global Intellectual Property Rights and Impacts, World Bank Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics, Washington, D.C., April 2002

R&D, Spillovers, and Intellectual Property Rights, Economic Freedom of the World Network (EFW) Conference, San Francisco, CA, October 2001

Intellectual Property Rights, R&D, and Productivity Growth, Conference co-sponsored by Industry Canada and the University of Toronto Law School, Toronto, Canada, May 2001

TRIPS (Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights Agreement) and Developing Countries, Panel organized by the International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), Washington, D.C., February 2001

Human Genome Project and Patenting, Panel organized by the Global Intellectual Property Project (GLIPP), School of International Service (SIS), American University, February 2001

New Economy and Internet Patenting, Chartered Institute of Patent Agents Conference, London, U.K., November 2000

International Intellectual Property Rights and Technology Gaps, Office of Harmonization for the Internal Market (OHIM) Conference, Alicante, Spain, March 2000

Are Patent Policies Trade-Related? Free Trade Areas of the Americas (FTAA) Meetings, Toronto, Canada, Session organized by the Fraser Institute, November 1999

Global Patenting Costs, Symposium co-hosted by the American Intellectual Property Law Association and International Federation of Intellectual Property Attorneys, Hague, Netherlands, July 1999

Intellectual Property Rights and Technology Diffusion, Conference on Law and Markets: Part I, co-hosted by the Instituto Libertad y Desarollo and the Fraser Institute, Santiago, Chile, April 1999

Patent Rights and Productivity in Latin America, Conference on Law and Markets: Part II, co-hosted by the Fundacion Republica and the Fraser Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina, April 1999

Projects

Center for Global Development, Commitment to Development Index: Technology Component, 2012-2013.

European Patent Office (EPO), Patent Family Statistics, 2003; Forecasting Models of International Patent Filings, 2004-2005, 2013.

International Federation of Intellectual Property Attorneys (FICPI), Patent Harmonization, Legal Professional Fees, and Entry, 2000.

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Working Group on Innovation and Technology Policy, Issues in International Patenting, 1997.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Market Power and Intellectual Property Rights, 2017.

U.S. Department of Energy, Role of Government Research Labs and Commercialization of Publicly Funded Innovations, 1993.

World Bank, Latin America and Caribbean Division, Institutions and Incentives for R&D: Implications for L.A.C. Economies, 2002.

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Key Implications of the Global Economic Environment for PCT Filings: A Survey of the Issues, 1999. [Coauthors: Peter Grindley and Murray Smith]

Works in Progress and Other

Demographic Trends, EU Enlargement, and Economic Growth [Co-author: Zamira Simkins]

Does the WTO Matter? Draft

Europe Beyond Aid: Technology Commitment Draft [Coauthors: Petra Krylova, Liza Reynolds, and Owen Barder]

European Innovation and Technology Diffusion: Evidence from Patenting Data Draft

Fiscal Externalities in an Open Economy Draft

Indexes of International Copyright and Trademark Protection Data on Copy; Data on Tmark [Co-author: Tad Reynolds]

Institutional Supra-nationalization and MNEs' cross-border IPR strategies: Evidence from the Community Plant Variety Office [Co-authors: Dan Prud'homme, Mercedes Campi, Marco Duenas]

Marriage and Divorce: Value of Waiting Draft

Real Options in Patenting [Co-authors: Andrew Toole and Gerard Torres]